Links to research organizations:

• American Association for Public Opinion Research
• American Marketing Association
• American Statistical Association
• Council of American Survey Research Organizations
• Marketing Research Association
• QRCA
• ESOMAR

Links to government sites:

• Federal Trade Commission / National Do Not Call Registry
• US Census Bureau
• American FactFinder

Knowledge Center

Market Research 101
Wikipedia Definition

"What is a Survey?" - American Statistical Association's series:
This is an excellent series that provides a very helpful introduction to survey research, including sections on "How to Plan a Survey" and "Judging the Quality of a Survey". Highly recommended.